{ Adopted: 17 Oct 1868 / Status: 23 Dec 1994 }
Chapter I Territory and Grand Duke
Article 1 [Independent State]
The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg forms a free, independent,
and indivisible State.
Article 2 [Boundaries]
The boundaries and chief towns of judicial or administrative
districts and of cantons and communes may only be changed
pursuant to a law.
Article 3 [Hereditary Crown]
The Crown of the Grand Duchy is hereditary in the Nassau
family in accordance with the Pact of 30 June 1783, Article 71
of the Treaty of Vienna of 9 June 1815, and Article 1 of the
Treaty of London of 11 May 1867.
Article 4 [Grand Duke]
The person of the Grand Duke is sacred and inviolable.
Article 5 [Majority and Oath of the Grand Duke]
(1) The Grand Duke of Luxembourg attains his majority on the
completion of eighteen years of age. On assuming the reins of
government, he shall take the following oath as soon as
possible, in the presence of the Chamber of Deputies or of a
deputation appointed by it:
(2) "I swear to observe the Constitution and the laws of the
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, to maintain the national
independence and integrity of the territory, as well as public
and individual liberties."
Article 6 [Succession of Minors]
If on the death of the Grand Duke his successor is a minor the
regency shall be exercised in accordance with the Family Pact.
Article 7 [Inability]
(1) If the Grand Duke finds he is unable to reign, the regency
shall be ensured as in the case of minority.
(2) Should the Throne become vacant, the Chamber shall make
temporary arrangements for the regency. A new Chamber, to be
summoned with double the customary number of members within
thirty days, shall take the final steps to fill the vacancy.
Article 8 [Oath of the Regent]
(1) On taking up his functions the Regent shall take the following
oath:
(2) "I swear to be faithful to the Grand Duke; I swear to observe
the Constitution and the laws of the country."
Article 9 [Citizenship, Political Rights]
(1) The status of Luxembourger shall be acquired, retained, and
lost in accordance with the rules determined by civil law.
(2) The Constitution and the other laws relating to political
rights determine what conditions in addition to this status are
necessary for the exercise of these rights.
(3) By way of derogation from the preceding paragraph, the law
may confer the exercise of political rights to
non-Luxembourgers.
Article 10 [Naturalization]
(1) Naturalization is granted by the legislature.
(2) The law determines the effects of naturalization.
Article 11 [Basic Rights]
(1) There is no distinction of orders in the State.
(2) Luxembourgers are equal
(3) The State guarantees the natural rights of the individual and
of the family.
(4) The law guarantees the right to work and assure to every
citizen the exercise of this right.
(5) The law organizes the social security, health protection, and
rest of workers and guarantee the freedom of trade unions.
(6) The law guarantees freedom of trade and industry, the exercise
of the professions and of agricultural labor, subject to any
restrictions that may be imposed by the legislature.
Article 12 [Individual Freedom]
Individual freedom shall be guaranteed. No one may be
prosecuted except for the cases and according to the procedure
laid down by the law. Except in flagrante delicto, no one may be
arrested without the reasoned order ot the judge served at the time
of arrest or within twenty four hours at the latest.
Article 13 [Legal Judge]
No one may be deprived, against his will, of the Judge assigned
to him by the law.
Article 14 [Nulla Poena Sine Lege]
No penalty may be fixed or applied except in pursuance of the
law.
Article 15 [Home]
The home is inviolable. No domiciliary visit may be made except
in cases and according to the procedure laid down by the law.
Article 16 [Property, Compensation]
No one may be deprived of his property
Article 17 [No Confiscation]
Confiscation of property as a penalty may not be instituted.
Article 18 [Abolished Penalties]
The death penalty on political grounds and civil death and
branding are hereby abolished.
Article 19 [Freedom of Religion]
Freedom of religion and of public worship as well as freedom to
express one's religious opinions are guaranteed
Article 20 [No Forced Religion]
No one may be forced to take part in any way whatsoever in the
acts and ceremonies of a religion or to observe its days of rest.
Article 21 [Civil Marriage]
Civil marriage
Article 22 [State and Church]
The State's intervention in the appointment and installation of
heads of religions, the mode of appointing and dismissing other
ministers of religion, the right of any of them to correspond with
their superiors and to publish their acts and decisions, as well as
the Church's relations with the State shall be made the subject of
conventions to be submitted to the Chamber of Deputies for the
provisions governing its intervention.
Article 23 [Education, Health]
(1) The State ensures that every Luxembourger receives primary
education which is compulsory and provided free of charge.
Medical and social assistance is regulated by the law.
(2) The State sets up secondary educational establishments and the
necessary courses of higher education. It also establishes free
vocational training courses.
(3) The law determines the means of supporting State education
and the conditions under which it is to be supervised by the
Government and the communes; it also regulates all educational
matters and creates a fund for the exceptionally gifted.
(4) Every Luxembourger is free to pursue his studies in the Grand
Duchy or abroad and to attend universities of his own choosing,
subject to the provisions of the law concerning admission to
employment and the exercise of certain callings.
Article 24 [Expression]
Freedom of speech
Article 25 [Assembly]
Luxembourgers have the right to assemble peaceably and unarmed
in compliance with the laws governing the exercise of this right
which may not require prior authorization. This provision does
not apply to open-air political, religious, or other meetings which
are fully governed by laws and police regulations.
Article 26 [Association]
Luxembourgers enjoy freedom of association. This right shall not
be made subject to any prior authorization.
Article 27 [Petition]
Everyone has the right to address petitions signed by one or more
persons to the public authorities. Only constituted authorities have
the right to address petitions collectively.
Article 28 [Correspondence]
(1) The secrecy of correspondence is inviolable. The law
determines the agents responsible for the violation of the secrecy
of correspondence entrusted to the postal services.
(2) The law determines the guarantee to be afforded to the secrecy
of telegrams.
Article 29 [Language]
The law shall regulate the use of languages in administrative and
judicial matters.
Article 30 [Proceedings Against Public Officials]
No prior authorization is required for instituting proceedings
against public officials for their administrative acts, except as
provided for in respect of members of the Government.
Article 31 [Punishment of Public Officials]
Public officials, to whatever order they may belong, members of
the Government excepted, may be deprived of their office,
honors, and pensions only in the manner laid down by law.
Article 32 [Sovereign Power]
(1) The sovereign power resides in the Nation.
(2) The Grand Duke
(3) He shall has no powers other than those formally vested in
him by the Constitution and the special laws passed pursuant to
the Constitution, without prejudice to Article 3.
Section 1 The Grand Duke's Prerogative
Article 33 [Executive Power]
The Grand Duke alone exercises the executive power.
Article 34 [Sanctioning and Promulgation of Laws]
The Grand Duke sanctions and promulgates the laws. He makes
his resolve known within three months of the vote in the
Chamber.
Article 35 [Appointments]
(1) The Grand Duke appoints to civil and military posts, in
compliance with and subject to any exceptions made by the law.
(2) No office remunerated by the State may be created other than
in pursuance of a legislative provision.
Article 36 [Regulations and Orders]
The Grand Duke enacts the regulations and orders necessary for
carrying laws into effect, but he may never suspend the laws
themselves or dispense with their enforcement.
Article 37 [Treaties]
(1) The Grand Duke concludes treaties. These do not come into
effect until they have been sanctioned by law and published in the
manner laid down for the publication of laws.
(2) The treaties referred to in Chapter III, Section 4, Article
49a, are sanctioned by a law voted under the conditions
laid down in Article 114 (5).
(3) Secret treaties are abolished.
(4) The Grand Duke enacts the regulations and orders necessary
for carrying the treaties into effect in accordance with the
procedure governing measures for the execution of laws and with
the effects attaching to such measures, without prejudice to
matters reserved to the law by the Constitution.
(5) No cession, exchange, or adjunction of territory is effected
except pursuant to a law.
(6) The Grand Duke commands the armed force; he declares war
and the cessation of hostilities after having been authorized by a
vote in the Chamber taken under the conditions laid down in
Article 114 (5).
Article 38 [Pardon]
The Grand Duke has the right to remit or reduce penalties
awarded by the judges, except as provided for in respect of
members of the Government.
Article 39 [Minting Money]
The Grand Duke has the right to mint money in pursuance of the
law.
Article 40 [Awarding Titles and Nobility]
The Grand Duke has the right to bestow titles of nobility without
being able to attach any privilege to them.
Article 41 [Awarding Orders]
The Grand Duke confers civil and military orders, while
complying with the provisions of the law.
Article 42 [Prince]
(1) The Grand Duke may have Himself represented by a Prince of
the blood, who shall bear the title of Lieutenant of the Grand
Duke and reside in the Grand Duchy.
(2) This representative shall take an oath to observe the
Constitution before entering upon the exercise of his powers.
Article 43 [Remuneration]
(1) The Civil List is fixed at three hundred thousand gold francs
a year.
(2) It may be changed by law at the beginning of each reign. The
budget law may allocate each year to the Sovereign Household the
sums needed to cover representation expenses.
Article 44 [Residence]
The Grand Ducal Palace in Luxembourg and the Chateau de Berg
are reserved for the residence of the Grand Duke.
Article 45 [Countersignature]
All provisions of the Grand Duke require the countersignature of
a responsible member of the Government.
Article 46 [Chamber of Deputies]
Each law requires the assent of the Chamber of Deputies
Article 47 [Proposing Bills]
(1) The Grand Duke addresses to the Chamber the proposals or
bills of law he wishes to submit for adoption.
(2) The Chamber has the right to propose Government Bills to the
Grand Duke.
Article 48 [Authoritative Interpretation]
The interpretation of laws by way of authority may only be
effected through the law.
Article 49 [Judgments]
(1) Justice is rendered in the name of the Grand Duke by the
courts and the tribunals.
(2) Judgments and decisions are enforced in the name of the
Grand Duke.
Article 49a [International Institutions]
The exercise of the powers reserved by the Constitution to the
legislature, executive, and judiciary may be temporarily vested
by treaty in institutions governed by international law.
Article 50 [Representation]
The Chamber of Deputies
Article 51 [Parliamentary Democracy, Election, Referendum]
(1) The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is ruled by a system of
parliamentary democracy.
(2) The organization of the Chamber is regulated by law.
(3) The Chamber is composed of 60 deputies. A law passed
under the provisions of Article 114 (5) sets the number
of deputies to be elected in each of the constituencies.
(4) The election is direct.
(5) Deputies are elected by straightforward universal suffrage
on the party-list system, in accordance with the rules of
proportional representation, the principle of the smallest
electoral quota, and the rules to be determined by the law.
(6) The country is divided into four electoral districts: the
South (Esch/Alzette and Capellen), the Center (Luxembourg
and Mersch), the North (Diekirch, Redange, Wiltz, Clervaux
and Vianden) and the East (Grevenmacher, Remich and
Echternach).
(7) The electors may be requested to pronounce themselves by
way of a referendum
Article 52 [Qualifications]
(1) To qualify as an elector it is necessary:
1. to be a Luxembourger, man or woman;
2. to enjoy civil and political rights;
3. to have completed 18 years of age.
(2) To these three qualifications shall be added those determined
by the law. No tax qualification may be imposed.
(3) To be eligible it is necessary:
1. to be a Luxembourger, man or woman;
2. to enjoy civil and political rights;
3. to have completed 21 years of age;
4. to be resident in the Grand Duchy.
(4) No other condition of eligibility may be imposed.
Article 53 [Non-Qualification]
(1) The following may not be electors nor eligible:
1. persons sentenced to criminal punishment;
2. persons sentenced for minor offenses depriving them of the
right to vote;
3. persons of full age under guardianship.
(2) No other exclusion clause may be foreseen.
(3) The right to vote may be restored to persons sentenced by
penal courts by the way of reprieve.
Article 54 [Incompatibilities]
(1) The deputy's mandate is incompatible with:
1. the duties of member of the Government;
2. those of member of the Council of State;
3. those of member of the judiciary;
4. those of member of the Audit Chamber;
5. those of district commissioner;
6. those of State collector or accounting officer;
7. those of career soldier on active service.
(2) Officials involved in a case of incompatibility have the right
to choose between the mandate confided to them and their duties.
(3) A deputy called upon to perform the duties of member of the
Government and who relinquishes these duties is automatically
reinstated as first substitute on the list on which he was elected.
The same applies to the substitute deputy who, called upon to
perform the duties of member of the Government, renounces the
deputy's mandate devolving upon him in the course of these
duties. In the event of a contest between two or more rightful
claimants, reinstatement shall follow the order of the number of
votes polled in the elections.
Article 55 [Other Incompatibilities]
The incompatibilities referred to in the preceding article do not
preclude the law from stipulating others in the future.
Article 56 [Term]
Deputies are elected for a term of five years.
Article 57 [Oath of Deputies]
(1) The Chamber verifies the credentials of its members and
settles any disputes arising on the subject.
(2) On taking up office, deputies shall take the following
oath:
"I swear to be faithful to the Grand Duke and to obey the
Constitution and the laws of the State."
(3) This oath is to be taken at a public sitting before the President
of the Chamber.
Article 58 [Government Incompatibility]
A deputy appointed by the Government to a salaried post which
he accepts immediately ceases to sit in the Chamber and does not
resume his functions except by virtue of a new election.
Article 59 [Two Votes]
All Bills are submitted to a second vote unless the Chamber, in
agreement with the Council of State, otherwise decides at a public
sitting. There shall be an interval of a least three months between
the two votes.
Article 60 [President of the Chamber]
At each session, the Chamber appoints its president and
vice-presidents and sets up its Bureau.
Article 61 [Publicity]
Sittings of the Chamber are held in public, except where otherwise
provided in the rules of procedure.
Article 62 [Majority]
(1) Resolutions require an absolute majority of votes. Should the
votes be equally divided, the measure under discussion is rejected.
(2) The Chamber may not pass a resolution unless the majority of
its members are present.
Article 63 [Voting by Role Call]
Voting on Bills as a whole always takes place by roll call.
Article 64 [Right of Inquiry]
The Chamber has the right of inquiry. The exercise of this right
is regulated by the law.
Article 65 [Article by Article Voting]
A Bill may be passed by the Chamber only after it has been voted
article by article.
Article 66 [Amendments]
The Chamber has the right to amend and divide the articles and
amendments proposed.
Article 67 [Petitions]
(1) Petitions to the Chamber may not be presented in person.
(2) The Chamber has the right to refer to members of the
Government any petitions addressed to it. Members of the
Government shall provide explanations of their contents whenever
the Chamber so requests.
(3) The Chamber does not concern itself with any petition that has
private interests in view, unless it is aimed at redressing
grievances stemming from unlawful acts of the Government or the
authorities, or unless the decision to intervene lies within the
competence of the Chamber.
Article 68 [Indemnity]
No deputy may be prosecuted or investigated on account of
opinions expressed or votes cast by him in the course of his
duties.
Article 69 [Immunity]
No deputy can be prosecuted or arrested in a repressive matter in
the course of a session, without the Chamber's authorization,
unless caught in the act of committing a serious offence. None of
its members may be imprisoned for debt during the session
without the same authorization. The detention or prosecution of
a deputy is suspended during and throughout the session if the
Chamber so demands.
Article 70 [Rules of Procedure]
The Chamber determines in its rules of procedure the manner in
which it exercises its powers.
Article 71 [Place of Sittings]
The sittings of the Chamber are held in the place of residence of
the administration of the Grand Duchy.
Article 72 [Sessions]
(1) The Chamber meets each year in ordinary session at the time
specified in the rules of procedure.
(2) The Grand Duke may summon the Chamber to an
extraordinary session; he is required to do this if a third of the
deputies so request.
(3) Every session is opened and closed by the Grand Duke in
person, or in his name by an authorized representative appointed
for the purpose.
Article 73 [Adjournment]
The Grand Duke may adjourn the Chamber. Such adjournment,
however, may not exceed a period of one month nor be repeated
during the same session without the Chamber's consent.
Article 74 [Dissolution]
The Grand Duke may dissolve the Chamber. New elections are
held at the latest within three months of the dissolution.
Article 75
Members of the Chamber of Deputies receive, in addition to their
travelling expenses, an allowance of which the law determines the
amount and conditions.
Article 76 [Organization of Government]
The Grand Duke regulates the organization of his Government
Article 77 [Ministers]
The Grand Duke appoints and dismisses the members of
Government.
Article 78 [Responsibility]
Members of the Government are responsible.
Article 79 [No Intermediate Authority]
There is no intermediate authority between the members of
Government and the Grand Duke.
Article 80 [Government and Parliament]
(1) Members of the Government or commissioners acting as their
deputies have access to the Chamber and must be heard at their
request.
(2) The Chamber may require their presence.
Article 81 [No Relief of Responsibility]
In no case shall an oral or written order of the Grand Duke relieve
a member of the Government of responsibility.
Article 82 [Accusation]
The Chamber has the right to accuse members of the Government.
A law shall determine the cases of responsibility, the penalties to
be inflicted, and the procedure to be followed as regards either the
accusation admitted by the Chamber or the action brought by the
injured parties.
Article 83 [No Pardon for Ministers]
The Grand Duke my not pardon a condemned member of the
Government except at the request of the Chamber.
Article 83bis [Council of State, Litigation Committee]
(1) The Council of State is called to express its views on bills of
law and amendments that might be proposed thereto, as well as on
all other matters deferred to it by the Government or by the laws.
(2) The Litigation Committee is the supreme jurisdiction in
administrative matters.
(3) The organization of the Council of State and of the Litigation
Committee as well as the way its prerogatives are carried out, are
regulated by law.
Article 84 [Civil Rights Jurisdiction]
Disputes over civil rights lie exclusively within the jurisdiction of
the courts
Article 85 [Political Rights Jurisdiction]
Disputes over political rights lie within the jurisdiction of the
courts except as otherwise provided by law.
Article 86 [No Extraordinary Jurisdiction]
No court or jurisdiction in contentious matters may be set up,
except by virtue of a law. No extraordinary commissions or
courts may be set up, under whatever name.
Article 87 [Superior Court of Justice]
The organization of a Superior Court of Justice is provided for by
law.
Article 88 [Publicity]
Hearings in court shall be public unless such publicity is a
threat to good order and morality, in which case the court so
declares by ruling.
Article 89 [Judgments]
All judgments shall be reasoned. They are pronounced in public
court session.
Article 90 [Appointment of Judges]
Justices of the Peace and judges of the courts are appointed
directly by the Grand Duke. Members of the Superior Court of
Justice and presidents and vice-presidents of the district courts
are appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the Superior
Court of Justice.
Article 91 [Term, Sanctions]
(1) Justices of the peace, district court judges, and members of
the Superior Court of Justice are appointed for life. None of
them may be deprived of his post or suspended
(2) In the event of infirmity or misconduct, however, he may be
suspended, dismissed, or transferred, under the conditions laid
down by the law.
Article 92 [Salaries]
The salaries of members of the judiciary are fixed by law.
Article 93 [Incompatibility]
Except where otherwise provided by law, no judge is allowed
to accept salaried functions from the Government unless he
performs them free of charge, without prejudice, however, to
cases of incompatibility determined by law.
Article 94 [Military Tribunals, Labor and Social Security Jurisdiction]
(1) Special laws regulate the organization of military tribunals,
their duties, and the rights, obligations, and terms of office of
their members.
(2) The law also regulates the organization of the jurisdictions
pertaining to labor and social security matters, their duties, the
mode of appointment, and the terms of office of their members.
Article 95 [General and Local Decisions]
Courts and tribunals may apply general and local decisions and
regulations only in so far as these comply with the laws. The
Superior Court of Justice settles disputes as to competence, in
accordance with the procedure laid down by the law.
Article 96 [Armed Forces]
All matters connected with the armed forces
Article 97 [Gendarmerie]
The organization and the powers of the forces in charge of
public order are settled by law.
Article 98 [Civil Guard]
A civil guard, whose organization is regulated by the law, may
be formed.
Article 99 [Taxation]
No tax may be imposed for the benefit of the State except
pursuant to a law. No loan to be borne by the State may be
contracted without the consent of the Chamber. No real
property of the State may be alienated, unless such alienation is
authorized by a special law. However, a general law may fix a
limit up to which no special authorization is requested. Every
purchase by the State of significant real property, every
significant commitment of funds in large infrastructure or
important building plans, must be authorized by a special law.
A general law sets the thresholds from which this authorization
is requested. No commitment may burden the State budget
further than one fiscal year, except by a special law. No
communal charge or tax may be introduced except with the
consent of the communal council. A law determines the
exceptions shown by experience to be necessary as regards
communal taxes.
Article 100 [Renewing Taxation]
Taxes for the benefit of the State are voted annually.
Legislation introducing them remains in force for only one year
unless renewed.
Article 101 [No Privilege or Exemption]
No privilege may be introduced in the matter of taxation. No
exemption or abatement may be established except by law.
Article 102 [No Other Duties]
Save in cases formally excepted by law, no recompense may be
demanded of citizens or public establishments except in the
form of taxes for the benefit of the State or of the commune.
Article 103 [Pension, Half-Pay, Gratuity]
No pension, half-pay, or gratuity charged to the Treasury may
be granted except by law.
Article 104 [Accounts, Budget]
Each year, the Chamber passes the Accounts Bill and votes the
budget
Article 105 [Audit Chamber]
(1) An Audit Chamber is required to audit and settle the
accounts of the general administration and of all accountable to
the Public Treasury.
(2) The law regulates its organization, the exercise of its
powers, and the method of appointing its members.
(3) The Audit Chamber ensures that no budget item of
expenditure is exceeded.
(4) No transfer may be made from one section of the budget to
another except by law.
(5) Members of the Government may, however, within their
own departments, transfer surpluses of one item to another item
in the same section, provided that they justify their action
before the Chamber of Deputies.
(6) The Audit Chamber draws up the accounts of the different
administrations of the State and is required to collect for this
purpose all the information and vouchers necessary. The
general account of the State shall be submitted to the Chamber
of Deputies together with the Audit Chamber's comments.
Article 106 [Salaries of Priests]
The salaries and pensions of ministers of religion shall be borne
by the State and regulated by the law.
Article 107 [Local Authorities]
(1) Communes
(2) In each commune there is a communal council directly
elected by the inhabitants; the conditions to be elector or
eligible will be fixed by law.
(3) The council draws up a yearly budget and closes the
accounts. It issues communal regulations, except in case of
emergency. It may impose taxes, with the Grand Duke's
approval. The Grand Duke may dissolve the council.
(4) The commune is administered under the authority of the
corporate body of the major and the aldermen who must be
chosen among the communal councillors. The conditions of
nationality to be fulfilled by the members of the corporate body
of major and aldermen will be determined in a law passed
under the provisions of Article 114 (5).
(5) Supervision of the communal administration is ruled by law.
Certain decisions of communal authorities have to be authorized
by the supervision authority or may be cancelled or suspended
should they be illegal or contrary to the public interests, without
prejudice to the powers of the law courts or administrative
tribunals.
Article 108 [Registration Authority]
The preparation of birth, marriage, and death certificates and
the keeping of the registers shall lie exclusively within the
competence of the communal authorities.
Article 109 [Capital, Seat of Government]
The city of Luxembourg is the capital of the Grand Duchy and
the seat of the Government. The seat of the Government may
be moved only temporarily and then only for serious reasons.
Article 110 [Oath]
(1) No oath may be imposed, except pursuant to the law, which
determines in what form it is to be taken.
(2) All civil public officials, before entering upon their duties,
take the following oath:
"I swear allegiance to the Grand Duke and obedience to the
Constitution and the laws of the State. I promise to fulfill my
duties with integrity, exactitude, and impartiality."
Article 111 [Rights of Foreigners]
Every foreigner on the territory of the Grand Duchy shall enjoy
the protection afforded to persons and property
Article 112 [Promulgation of Laws]
No law or general or communal administrative decision or
regulation shall come into force until it has been published in
the form determined by the law.
Article 113 [No Suspension]
No provision of the Constitution may be suspended.
Article 114 [Constitutional Amendment]
(1) The legislature has the right to declare the need to amend
any constitutional provision it specifies.
(2) Following such declaration, the Chamber automatically
dissolves.
(3) A new Chamber convenes in accordance with Article
74.
(4) This Chamber decides, by common consent with the Grand
Duke, on the points to be amended.
(5) In such a case, the Chamber shall not proceed to the vote
unless at least three-quarters of its members are present, and no
amendment may be adopted unless it is backed by at least
two-thirds of the votes.
Article 115 [No Amendment During Regency]
No amendment shall be made to the Constitution during a
regency.
Article 116 [Accusation of Ministers]
Until provided for by a law, the Chamber of Deputies has
discretionary power to accuse a member of the Government,
and the Superior Court shall try him in general assembly,
specifying the offence and determining the penalty. The
penalty may not, however, exceed that of confinement, without
prejudice to cases expressly provided for by the penal laws.
Article 117 [Conflicting Old Law]
From the day the Constitution enters into force, all laws,
decrees, decisions, regulations, and other acts in conflict with it
are abolished.
Article 118 [Conversion of Death Penalty]
The death penalty, abolished in political matters, shall be
replaced by the penalty immediately below it, until such time as
this matter has been covered by the new law.
Article 119 [Provisions Concerning Religions]
Pending the conclusion of the conventions referred to in Article
22, the current provisions concerning religions shall
remain in force.
Article 120 [Old Law]
Until the laws and regulations provided for by the Constitution
have been promulgated, the laws and regulations at present in
force continue to be applied.